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New Releases
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guideline for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk
This publication provides guidance on reducing disability and premature deaths from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease in people at high risk, who have not yet experienced a cardiovascular event. People with established cardiovascular disease are at very high risk of recurrent events and are not the subject of these guidelines. They have been addressed in previous WHO guidelines. The WHO/ISH risk prediction charts that accompany these guidelines allow treatment to be targeted according to simple predictions of absolute cardiovascular risk.
Recommendations are made for management of major cardiovascular risk factors through changes in lifestyle and prophylactic drug therapies. The guidelines provide a framework for the development of national guidance on prevention of cardiovascular disease that takes into account the particular political, economic, social and medical circumstances.
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Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Pocket guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk
These pocket guidelines provide evidence-based guidance on how to reduce
the incidence of first and recurrent clinical events due to coronary heart
disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and peripheral vascular
disease in two categories of people. They include;
1. People with risk factors who have not yet developed clinically manifest cardiovascular disease (primary prevention).
2. People with established CHD, CeVD or peripheral vascular disease
(secondary prevention).
The accompanying World Health Organization/International Society of
Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts enable the estimation of
total cardiovascular risk of people in the first category. The evidence-based
recommendations given in Part 1 of these guidelines, provide guidance
on which specific preventive actions to initiate, and with what degree of
intensity.
People in the second category have high cardiovascular risk and need
intensive lifestyle interventions and appropriate drug therapy as elaborated in
Part II of these guidelines. Risk stratification using risk charts is not required
for making treatment decisions in them.
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WHO/ISH Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Charts
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WHO/ISH risk prediction charts
The WHO/ISH risk prediction charts indicate 10-year risk of a fatal or nonfatal
major cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction or stroke), according to
age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, total blood cholesterol and presence
or absence of diabetes mellitus for 14 WHO epidemiological sub-regions.
There are two sets of charts. One set (14 charts) can be used in settings where
blood cholesterol can be measured. The other set (14 charts) is for settings in
which blood cholesterol cannot be measured. Both sets are available in colour
and shades of black on a compact disc.
Each chart can only be used in countries of the specific WHO epidemiological
sub-region.
The charts provide approximate estimates of CVD risk in people who do
not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic
disease. They are useful as tools to help identify those at high cardiovascular
risk, and to motivate patients, particularly to change behaviour and, when
appropriate, to take antihypertensive, lipid-lowering drugs and aspirin.
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WHO Research into Global Hazards of Travel (WIRGHT) Project
The objectives of the WRIGHT (WHO Research Into Global Hazards of Travel) project were to confirm that the risk
of venous thromboembolism (VTE ) is increased by air travel and to determine the magnitude of risk, the effect of
other factors on the risk and to study the effect of preventive measures on risk.
To address these objectives, several studies
were performed during Phase I of the WRIGHT
project. Additional proposed studies related
to the effect of preventive interventions were
deferred to Phase II.
The findings of the epidemiological studies
indicate that the risk of VTE approximately
doubles after a long–haul flight (>4 hours)
and also with other forms of travel where
travellers are exposed to prolonged seated immobility.
The risk increases with the duration
of the travel and with multiple flights within a
short period.
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PUBLICATIONS
Prevention of Recurrent Heart Attacks and Strokes in Low and Middle Income Populations
This publication summarizes the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A commentary on the evidence for cardiovascular prevention in peripheral vascular disease and diabetes is also included. Each review of evidence is followed by a short summary of clinical recommendations for secondary prevention. A review of other considerations influencing policy-makers in the implementation of secondary prevention strategies, including health economics, follows. Finally, the book identifies areas in which research is needed to improve secondary prevention of CVD in low- and middle-income populations.
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Avoiding Heart Attacks and Strokes: Don't be a victim, protect yourself
Cardiovascular diseases are killing more and more people around the world, striking rich and poor alike. Those who survive a heart attack or stroke often need to take long-term medical treatment. If you have ever had a heart attack or stroke, or had to care for someone who has, you will know that these diseases can seriously affect the life of both the patient and his or her family. The effects can even reach beyond the family to the community.
Yet so many heart attacks and strokes could be prevented. That is why you should read this booklet. It explains why heart attacks and strokes happen and how you can avoid them. It tells you what you should do to avoid becoming a victim. This publication is available for free download, hard copies can be ordered from WHO Press.
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The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke
One of the Strategies to respond to the challenges to population health and well being by the global epidemic of heart attach and stroke is to provide actionable information relevant to policy level, populations and individuals at risk. As part of such efforts, WHO in collaboration with the Centre for Disease control (CDC) has produced for the wider audience, The atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. The atlas addresses the global epidemic of heart disease and stroke in a clear and accessible format. This highly valuable reference material has been designed for use by policy makers, national and international organizations, health professionals and the general public. It is a must-have and a must-read.
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Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease : Report of a WHO Expert Consultation
Rheumatic heart disease poses a major challenge to public health and is the most prevalent heart disease in children. A WHO Study group reviewed the current scientific knowledge of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, as well as the medical and public health related practices, and revised the Jones diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. The present report provides practical recommendations for an evidence-based approach to the prevention and management of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. It also provides practical guidance for implementing cost-effective programmes for controlling these diseases. The report will be of interest to clinicians, policy-makers and public health professionals.
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WHO CVD-risk Management Package for Low- and Medium-Resource Settings
The WHO CVD-Risk Management package contains a variety of components to guide healthcare providers and health systems, even those with very minimal resources, to more effective CVD risk management through easy-to-follow risk-assessment and risk-management algorithms; lifestyle counselling protocols; drug treatment protocols; referral pathways, and follow-up schedules.
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Order publication from WHO publications website Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to view online documents
WHO Technical report series / OMS série de rapports techniques
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease / Prévention des Cardiopathies Coronariennes | Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO, Geneva 1992. no. 678. ISBN 92 4 120678 0. Sfr 5. / Rapport d'un Comité d'Experts de l'OMS. OMS, Genève, 1982. no. 678. ISBN 92 4 220678 4. Frs. 5 | 1992 | English, French, | Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Elderly People /
Epidémiologie et Prévention des Maladies Cardio-Vasculaires chez les Personnes Agées. Rapport d'un Groupe d'étude de l'OMS | Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO, Geneva, 1995. . no. 853. ISBN 92 4 120853 8. Sfr 14 (or Sfr 9.80 in developing countries) / no. 853. ISBN 92 4 220853 1. FrS 14 (ou FrS 9.80 dans les pays en développement) | 1995 | English, French, | Hypertension Control /
La Lutte Contre l'Hypertension | Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO, Geneva, 1996. no. 862. ISBN 92 4 120862 7. Sfr 16 (Sfr 11.20 in developing countries) / Rapport d'un comité OMS d'experts. OMS, Genève, 1996. no. 862. ISBN 92 4 220862 0. Sfr 16. (Sfr 11.20 dans les pays en développement). | 1996 | English, French, | | Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception | Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO, Geneva, 1998. no. 877. ISBN 92 4 120 877 5. Sfr 20 (Sfr. 14.00 in developing countries. | 1998 | English |
Reports from WHO studies and meetings
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | Teaching the Teacher. WHO/WHL Patient Education Project (PEP). A three-year multinational collaborative study | A cross-cultural project for training health personnel in methods of patient education for hypertension. Final report of the study WHO Unpublished Document WHO/CVD/98.2 | 1998 | English | | WHO/WHL Patient Education Project (PEP) | WHO Unpublished Document WHO/CVD/89.2 Revised April 1995 | 1995 | English | | The WHO Global Programme for the Prevention of Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease | Report of a consultation to Review Progress and Develop Future Activities. WHO Unpublished Document WHO/CVD/00.1 | 2000 | English | | Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease | Joint WHO/ISFC meeting on Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease control, with emphasis on Primary Prevention. Report of the meeting WHO Unpublished Document, WHO/CVD/94.1 | 1994 | English | | WHO/WHF Study of Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PBDAY Study) A ten-year multinational collaborative study (1986-1996). | Final report of the study WHO Unpublished Document WHO/CVD/97.1 | 1997 | English | WHO cardiovascular diseases publications
WHO Cardiovascular Diseases: Programme; Mission and Activities
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | WHO Cardiovascular Diseases: Programme, mission and activities | | 2001 | English |
MONICA
PBDAY
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (WHO/WHF PBDAY Study) 1986-1996. An overview and general considerations.
N.H. Sternby, P. Nordet and J. Fernandez Britto | World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Heart Federation (WHF)
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (1999) 9: 168-174 | | English | | Pathomorphometrical characteristics of atherosclerosis in young. | A multinational investigation of WHO/World Heard Federation (1986-1996), using atherometric system
J.E. Fernandez-Britto, R. Wong, D. Contreras, P. Nordet, and N.H. Sternby
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (1999) 9:210-219 | 1999 | English | | Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (WHO/WHF PBDAY Study) 1986-1996. Histomorphometry and histochemistry of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries and the aorta in a young population. | World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Heart Federation (WHF) A. Kadar, G. Mozes, Gy Illyes, T. Schönfeld, J. Kulka, B. Sipos, T. Glasz, A.M. Tökes and A. Szik
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (1999) 9:220-227 | 1999 | English | | Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PBDAY) Study. Histomorphometric investigation of the aorta and coronary arteries in young people from different geographical locations | World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Heart Federation (WHF) V. Lesauskaite, P. Tanganelli, G. Bianciardi, C. Simoes, P. Toti and G. Weber
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (1999) 9:266-276 | 1999 | English | | Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PBDAY) Study. Lipid and raised lesion distribution in the right coronary artery of young people. | World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Heart Federation (WHF) C. Simoes, G. Bianciardi, P. Toti, G. Weber and P. Tanganelli
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (1999) 9: 277-283 | 1999 | English | | Aterosclerosis en la juventud (I): patomorfologia y morfometria segun edad y sexo utilizando el sistema aterometrico. Estudio PBDAY (Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth). | Investigacion Multinacional de la OMS/FISC (1986-1996)
J.E. Fernandez-Britto, R. Wond, D. Contreras, P. Nordet y N.H. Sternby
Clin. Invest. Arteriosclerosis, Vol. 10, Num 5, 1998 | 1999 | Spanish |
PEP
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | Teaching the Teacher. A WHO/WHL Cross-cultural project for training health personnel in methods of patient education for hypertension. | World Health Organization/ World Hypertension League. Patient Education Project (PEP) A. Chockalingam and P. Nordet for the PEP principal Investigators. CVD Prevention (1999;2:58-72) | | |
RF/RHD
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | WHO programme for the prevention of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease in sixteen developing countries: Report from Phase I (1986-1990) | WHO/CVD Unit and Principal Investigators. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70(2): 213-218, 1992. Reprint number 5268. | 1992 | English | | Strategy for controlling rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease, with emphasis on primary prevention | Memorandum from a Joint WHO/ISFC Meeting, Geneva, Switzerland, 7-9 September 1994. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73(5): 583-587, 1995. Reprint number 5636. | 1994 | English |
Hypertension
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | 1999 WHO-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension* | First published in the Journal of Hypertension, 1999, 17:151-183 | 1999 | English | * Because of emerging evidence and in order to take into consideration the new principles for guideline development adopted recently by WHO, the hypertension guidelines are currently being reviewed. Special emphasis will be made on public health implications and the evidence-base of recommendations. For more information, contact the management of Noncommunicable diseases Department at WHO. | | Management of Arterial Hypertension. A practical guide for the physician and allied health workers | Gross F, Pisa Z, Strasser T & Zanchetti A: . WHO, Geneva, 1994.
ISBN 92 4 154197 0. Price: Sfr 11 (Sfr 7.70 in developing countries). | 1994 | English | | Prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle. Guide pratique à l'usage des médecins et du personnel paramédical | Gross F, Pisa Z, Strasser T et Zanchetti A: . OMS, Geneva, 1986.
ISBM 92 4 254197 4. Prix: FrS 11 (FrS 7.70 dans les pays en développement) | 1986 | French, | | 1993 Guidelines for the Management of Mild Hypertension: Memorandum from a WHO/ISH meeting | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 71(5):503-517 (1993). Reprint no. 5409 | 1993 | English | | Directives 1993 pour la prise en charge de l'hypertension légère: Mémorandum d'une réunion OMS/SIH | Bulletin de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé 1994, 72(2):53-68. Tiré à part no. 5451 | 1994 | English | | Assessing Hypertension Control and Management. Hypertension Management Audit Project: A WHO/WHL Study | Strasser T & Wilhelmsen (eds). WHO Regional Publications, European Series no. 47, 1993. ISBN 92 890 1310 9. Price Sfr 39. In developing countries - Sfr 27.30 | 1993 | English only |
WHO/CVD and partners statements
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | Sport and Children: Consensus Statement on organized sport for children. FIMS/WHO Ad Hoc Committee on Sport for Children | International Federation of Sport Medicine (FIMS)/WHOBulletin of the World Health Organization, 1998, 76(5):445-447. Reprint no. 5882 | 1998 | English | Exercise for HealthWHO/FIMS Committee on Physical Activity for Health | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1995, 73(2):135-136. Reprint no. 5578 | 1995 | English |
Other publications
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | | Obesity: Preventing and managing the Global Epidemic | Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, 3-5 June 1997, Geneva. WHO/NUT/NCD/98.1 (This is an interim summary of the report. The final version will be published in the WHO Technical Report Series) | 1997 | English | | Handbook for Process Evaluation in Noncommunicable Disease Prevention | CINDI | 1999 | English
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Health educational material
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | Practice Guidelines for Primary Care Physicians - African version.
- Asian version.
- Caucasian version.
- Hispanic version.
- Slide set
| 199 WHO/ISH | 1999 | English | Because of emerging evidence and in order to take into consideration the new principles for guideline development adopted recently by WHO, the hypertension guidelines are currently being reviewed. Special emphasis will be made on public health implications and the evidence-base of recommendations. | | Concise Guide to the Management of Heart Failure * | WHO/Council on Geriatric Cardiology Task Force on Heart Failure Education | 1995 | English | | A Patient's Guide to Control of Heart Failure | WHO/Council on Geriatric Cardiology Task Force on Heart Failure Education | 1995 | English |
Online publications with WHO involvement
Standardisation of nomenclature, diagnosis criteria and methods
| Title | Publication | Year | Language | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Cardiac Arrhythmias - Definition of terms related to Cardiac Rhythm
- American Heart Journal, Vol. 95, 1978, 796806
- European Journal of Cardiology, 1978, 8/2, 127144
- Nomenclature et critères pour le diagnostic des cardiopathies ischèmiques
- Arch. Mal. Coeur, no. 3, pp. 321323
- Kardiologie (Moscow), Volume 20, 1980, pp 111120 (Russian translation)
- Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances
- American Heart Journal, Vol. 98, 1979, 263267
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Ischaemic Heart Disease - Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Ischaemic Heart Disease
- Circulation, 1979, Vol. 59, No. 3, 607609
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1979 | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on the Definition and Classification of Cardiomyopathies - Definition and Classification of Cardiomyopathies
- British Heart Journal, 1980, Vol. 44, No. 6, 672673
- Cardiomyopathies. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.
- WHO Technical Report Series No. 697, WHO, Geneva 1984
- Heartbeat, No. 2, June 1981
- Update of the TF report
- Circulation 1996, 93: 341342
- Heartbeat, No. 2, April 1996
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on MMode Echocardiography - Report of the ISFC/WHO Task Force on Recommendations for Standardisation of Measurements from MMode Echocardiograms.
- Circulation, 69:854A857A, 1984
- Heartbeat, No. 2, September 1984
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1984 | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Nuclear Cardiology - Report of the ISFC/WHO Task Force on Nuclear Cardiology.
- European Heart Journal (1984)5, 850863
- Circulation, 70: 768a781a, 1984
- Arch. Mal Coeur, 1985, No. 7 (French translation)
- Arch. Insti. Cardiol. Mex., 54:499514, 1984 (Spanish translation)
- Range of normal values for left and right ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during exercise assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography.
- European Heart Journal (1985)6, 647655
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on PQRST Morphology - Criteria for Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances and Preexcitation (PQRST Morphology)
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 1985: 12611275
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1985 | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Nomenclature of Coronary Arteriograms - Report of the WHO/ISFC Task Force on Nomenclature of Coronary Arteriograms (First Report of Task Force)
- Circulation, 74:451A455A, 1986.
- Report of WHO/ISFC Task Force on Coronary Arteriograms and Coronary Interventions. (Second Report of Task Force)
- Circulation, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp 895A, April 1987
- Report of the ISFC/WHO Task Force on Structure and Function of Small Coronary Arteries in Health and Disease (Third Report of Task Force)
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology 15:51112. 1990.
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Haemodynamics - Report of the WHO/ISFC Task Force on Haemodynamics.
Circulatory Variables Measured by Invasive Techniques. - European Heart Journal, Volume 6, Supplement C, October 1985.
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1985 | English | | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Coronary Angioplasty Report of the Joint ISFC/WHO Task Force on Coronary Angioplasty - European Heart Journal (1988) 9, 10341045
- Circulation, September 1988, Vol. 78:3, 780789
- Arch Inst Cardiol Mix, Vol 58.339350, 1988 (Spanish translation)
- Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 51/3: 275285, 1988 (Portuguese translation)
| WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1988 | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Pulmonary Embolism - Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Pulmonary Embolism
JAMA, October 1992, Vol. 268:13, 17271733. | WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1992 | English | ISFC/WHO Task Force on Myocardial Reperfusion - Report of the ISFC/WHO Task Force on Myocardial Reperfusion: Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Circulation, October 1994, Vol. 90:4, 20912101 | WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1994 | English | ISFC/WHO Statement of Physical Inactivity as a Risk Factor of CVD
No. 1, 1994; WHO Bulletin, 1994, 72(1) 14, 583612 | WHO/ISFC Joint Programme of Task Forces | 1994 | English |
Videos
All videos are distributed by DSA WHO | Title | | Heart Diseases: The Once and Future Killers, 1991, VHS, 17 minutes, English. Sfr 40. (Sfr 28 in developing countries) | | Heartbeat - the Rhythm of Health, 1992, VHS, 17 minutes. English and French. Sfr 40. | | Heart Sweet Heart, 1972, VHS, 9 minutes. Sfr 40 (Sfr 28 in developing countries) | | It's All Up to You, 1972. VHS, 3 minutes. English and French. Sfr 40 (Sfr 28 in developing countries) | | Hypertension (film spots), 1978, 2 minutes. Sfr 40.- (Sfr 28 in developing countries) | |
